In discussing the concept of energy security, it is important to understand that it encompasses a complex wave of policy understanding. It requires the understanding of energy demand, energy supply, national and international relationships. It also requires looking at energy in an integrated manner because of competition amongst various forms of primary energy sources and different energy carriers. It is easier for most economies to view energy security from one dimension, which is mainly supply focused. However energy security has many facets. And energy security can be achieved in the short and long term only if it is viewed strategically from different perspectives. Such perspectives range from the understanding and selection of appropriate industrial & development strategies, growth strategies, spatial layout plans, transport strategies, standards, technologies, partners and energy supply options amongst others.

Despite the complexity and level of development of a country’s economy, lack of energy could lead to stagnation, slowing down or total collapse thereof. Recent experiences with blackouts, brownouts and fuel shortages in South Africa and abroad have shown the vulnerability of world economies to energy shortages. Most of the common and affordable energy supply options have serious “side effects,” for instance uncharacteristic climate changes are being attributed to the dependency on hydrocarbons for energy supply. In considering energy security it is therefore necessary to investigate ways of mitigating against climate change as well as understanding and adapting to climate changes.