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Ebook The Economics of Credit Cards by Todd J. Zywicki

The skyrocketing bankruptcy filing rates of recent years are well known. Last year over 1.3 million families filed for bankruptcy. Amazingly, that figure actually represented a slight drop from the previous year. Anxious to deflect blame from an overly generous bankruptcy system or a decline in the shame and stigma traditionally associated with filing bankruptcy, opponents of bankruptcy reform have fingered promiscuous lending practices by credit card issuers as the primary culprit in the bankruptcy boom. In particular, it is charged that, spurred on by high profits, credit card issuers have extended increasing amounts of credit to ever-riskier borrowers.

If this is so, then the credit card companies have no one to blame but themselves when these borrowers default on their obligations, file for bankruptcy, and impose losses on lenders. For similar reasons, some bankruptcy judges have frowned upon dischargeability objections by credit card issuers. Moreover, it is said to be the height of hypocrisy for these same credit card issuers to then turn around and demand tighter bankruptcy laws to bail them out of this problem of their own making. Finally, it is argued that because these losses simply come out of the “profits” of credit card issuers, bankruptcy simply results in a wealth transfer from lenders to borrowers and no resultant efficiency loss for other consumers.

PDF Ebook Ethnic and Gender Differences in Emotional Experience and Expression

How universal are the emotions that men and women from a variety of cultural and ethnic groups experience and express in their close love relationships? in this study, 144 men and 307 women of Caucasian, Chinese, Filipino, Hawaiian, and Japanese ancestry were asked about their ideologies as to how people ought to deal with strong emotions in their close relationships, how often they themselves feU a variety of emotions, and how they dealt with such feelings. Finally, they were asked how satisfied they were with their close relationships.

Men and women, regardles of ethnic group, seemed to possess different emotional ideologies. Women tended to favor direct expression of emotion; men favored emotional management. Men and women experienced much the same emotions in their relationships, but men were more muted in their expression of feelings. There was no evidence that existing differences had an impact on men and women's relationship satisfaction, however.

Ebook Liquidity Management and Corporate Investment During a Financial Crisis

In the spring of 2009, world financial markets were in the midst of a credit crisis of historic proportions. While unfortunate, the financial crisis environment created a unique opportunity to draw crisp inferences about how firms vary the use of internal and external funds, and how funding options affect real-side decisions such as capital spending.

There is a long literature on the importance of internal funds as a source of financing for corporate investment. According to this literature, profits are likely to become a crucial funding source when firms face financing constraints (Fazzari et al. (1988)) or when credit is tight in the aggregate economy (Bernanke and Gertler (1989)). In this paper, we study the interaction between different sources of corporate funding and how that interaction affects decisions such as capital investment, technology spending, and employment. We do this using data collected in the midst of the 2009 financial crisis. While previous papers focus on the impact of firms’ internal liquidity (namely, cash holdings and cash flows) on their real policy variables, we consider an additional form of liquidity: bank lines of credit.

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